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Computer basics: give your files a clear home

A file is an individual item, such as a document, photograph or spreadsheet. A folder groups related files together. Understanding where you save your work is one of the most useful early computer skills.

Choose a small set of folders based on the work you actually do. Use meaningful file names, add a date when it helps, and keep a separate backup of information you cannot easily replace. Check whether a file is stored on your device, an external drive or a cloud service before you rely on it being available elsewhere.

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Create a folder named Learning. Inside it, add a folder for one subject. Save a practice document there, close it, then find and open it again using your file manager.

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Digital safety: pause before you respond

Phishing messages try to persuade people to share sensitive information, open a harmful attachment or visit an imitation website. A familiar logo or an urgent message is not proof that a request is legitimate.

Check unexpected requests through a separate route you already trust. For example, open an organization's official app or type its known website address yourself instead of following a message link. Use a different strong password for each account and turn on multi-factor authentication where it is available.

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Review the security settings of an account you own. Confirm that its recovery information is current and look for a multi-factor authentication option. Never share verification codes with someone who contacts you unexpectedly.

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Spreadsheet thinking: one record, one row

A spreadsheet is easier to understand when similar information stays in the same column. Give each column a clear heading, use one row for each record and keep numbers as numbers rather than adding units inside every cell.

For example, a simple learning tracker might use the headings Topic, Practice Date and Minutes Practised. Consistent structure makes it easier to sort the information, apply filters and calculate a total later.

↗ Try this

Create a small practice sheet with five rows. Enter minutes practised in a numeric column and calculate the total using the SUM function. Check the result by adding the same values manually.

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IT concepts: a network connects devices

A computer network allows devices to communicate. A home or office network may connect computers, phones and printers. The internet links many networks together, while Wi-Fi is one method a device can use to join a local network.

When something does not connect, separate the problem into smaller questions. Is the device connected to the local network? Can other devices reach the internet? Does only one website or application have a problem? Observations like these help you describe an issue clearly before changing settings.

↗ Try this

Draw a simple map of your own network: your internet connection, router and the devices you recognize. Do not change router security or access a network you do not own or have permission to use.

Explore the IT Fundamentals guide